home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- <text id=94TT1821>
- <title>
- Dec. 26, 1994: The Best Science of 1994
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
- Dec. 26, 1994 Man of the Year:Pope John Paul II
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- THE BEST & WORST OF 1994, Page 146
- The Best Science of 1994
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>1. Crash of the Century.
- </p>
- <p> If you've gotta go, go with a bang. That's what Comet Shoemaker-Levy
- 9 did last July. Nearly two dozen mountain-size chunks of this
- fragmented interplanetary wanderer slammed into Jupiter, creating
- 2,000-mile-high fireballs and sooty smudges on the planet's
- cloud tops that were visible from backyard telescopes. Scientists
- learned much about Jupiter's atmosphere, about comets, and even
- about how a similar impact on earth might have killed off the
- dinosaurs. For most onlookers, though, it was just a fantastic
- show.
- </p>
- <p>2. Gotcha!
- </p>
- <p> Physicists think six types of quarks are the building blocks
- of all the particles within atomic nuclei. They had found the
- first five by 1977, and now the top quark, the sixth and heaviest,
- has been identified at Fermilab, near Chicago. It took 440 scientists
- to spot the top, which disintegrates in an infinitesimal fraction
- of a second.
- </p>
- <p>3. Genetics Marches On
- </p>
- <p> Breast cancer and severe obesity can both be deadly, and now
- there is evidence that both can result from faulty genes. Treatments
- are years away, but the discoveries are big steps toward that
- goal.
- </p>
- <p>4. Bones from Way Back
- </p>
- <p> Until this year the famed Lucy and her fellow members of the
- species Australopithecus afarensis were the oldest known members
- of the human family. No more: at 4.4 million years of age, the
- newly unearthed Australopithecus ramidus is the closest link
- yet (no longer missing) to the common ancestor of apes and humans.
- A second major find: Homo erectus, the first of Lucy's descendants
- to leave Africa, made that move about 800,000 years earlier
- than had been thought. Anyone want an obsolete paleontology
- book, cheap?
- </p>
- <p>5. New Worlds at Last
- </p>
- <p> It's official: astronomers finally have irrefutable evidence
- of a solar system beyond our own. But fans of alien life can't
- celebrate yet: the three confirmed planets are orbiting the
- dim remnant of a star that exploded long ago.
- </p>
- <p>6. Sensible Food Labels
- </p>
- <p> The U.S. Food and Drug Administration implemented a radical
- idea last spring: food labels that are useful to consumers.
- Packagers now have to display data on cholesterol, fat, protein,
- sodium, carbohydrates and vitamins--and, where appropriate,
- reveal how much of the recommended daily allowance of these
- nutrients a serving of the food provides. The most startling
- requirement: the numbers must be based on a realistic serving
- size, not one too small to satisfy a hummingbird.
- </p>
- <p>7. Melrose Place?
- </p>
- <p> Don't fret that you're missing out on all the fun. The most
- scientific sex survey ever says it just isn't true that typical
- Americans--especially singles--are out having wild erotic
- adventures. Most of us are monogamous, married couples have
- the best and most frequent sex, and adultery is relatively uncommon.
- </p>
- <p>8. Easier Test-Tube Babies
- </p>
- <p> In vitro fertilization is an arduous process in which a woman
- is pumped full of drugs that force several of her eggs to mature
- before they are removed from her body. But a new technique involves
- taking out immature eggs and bringing them to maturity outside
- the mother. Possible benefits: freedom from harsh drugs, lower
- cost and maybe even a better success rate.
- </p>
- <p>9. Those Loving Dinos
- </p>
- <p> They were mean and bloodthirsty, sure, but such dinosaurs as
- Tyrannosaurus rex may well have had a more caring side. The
- clue is the discovery of a fossilized embryo from a carnivorous
- dinosaur: an oviraptor found in Mongolia. The embryo was lodged
- in a nest, which also contained bones from other tiny dinos
- that mother oviraptor might have eaten while watching over her
- sharp-toothed darlings. Apparently even prehistoric monsters
- knew how to parent.
- </p>
- <p>10. A Save in Space
- </p>
- <p> Russia's once mighty space program nearly lost one of the few
- bragging points it has left when a resupply ship had trouble
- docking with space station Mir last summer. If a final try had
- not succeeded, cosmonauts would have had to leave Mir unmanned
- for the first time in five years.
- </p>
- <p>...And The Worst
- </p>
- <p> Microscopic Mass Murderers
- </p>
- <p> The arrival of the real-life thriller The Hot Zone on the best-seller
- list, plus outbreaks of cholera, tuberculosis, Legionnaire's
- disease, hantavirus, plague and--yes--the flesh-eating version
- of streptococcus bacteria, have driven home a frightening truth:
- the war against infectious diseases is nowhere near over. In
- fact, because of drug-resistant bacteria and newly emerging
- viruses, medical science actually seems to be losing ground.
- </p>
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-